Experts Highlight Growing Urban Heat Challenges in Karachi
Karachi’s rising urban temperatures are becoming an increasing concern for residents, prompting experts to call for improved planning and climate-resilient development measures.
Prof. Zafar Fatmi, Head of Environmental Occupational Health and Climate Change at Aga Khan University’s Department of Community Health Sciences, said that a combination of climate change and rapid urban expansion is contributing to higher temperatures across the city.
According to Prof. Fatmi, factors such as expanding concrete surfaces, dense construction, traffic congestion, declining green spaces, and tree loss are increasing heat retention, particularly in heavily populated areas.
Recent research indicates that Karachi experiences one of Pakistan’s strongest urban heat island effects. A 2026 multi-city study reported that the city recorded the largest temperature difference between urban and rural areas, with vegetation loss identified as a key contributor to rising land surface temperatures.
Experts note that temperatures experienced at street level can be significantly higher than official readings. Studies have shown that outdoor workers, including delivery riders and rickshaw drivers, often face elevated heat exposure during working hours, especially under direct sunlight.
Common heat-related concerns include dehydration, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, sleep disturbances, and reduced productivity. Vulnerable groups include children, older adults, pregnant women, outdoor workers, and individuals with pre-existing medical conditions.
Prof. Fatmi also highlighted the combined impact of heat and air pollution in traffic-heavy areas, which can place additional strain on respiratory and cardiovascular health.
To address these challenges, experts recommend strengthening heat-management strategies, including public awareness campaigns, shaded public spaces, access to drinking water, cooling facilities, and improved preparedness within healthcare services.
Long-term measures suggested by specialists include protecting mature trees, expanding green spaces, improving public transportation, reducing dust and emissions, and incorporating climate considerations into major urban development projects.
Experts emphasize that coordinated efforts can help improve public health, enhance urban resilience, and create a more comfortable environment for Karachi’s growing population.
